Consider this one minute clip which was shown nationally once only:
But before that clip there was this:
“In small, clumsy letters he wrote: April 4th, 1984”
In four days that fictional line of text will have been written exactly forty years ago. I recently had reason to go back and read George Orwell’s ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’ again and it was somewhat of a revelation. The book has been read and analysed by many, it has contributed to the English language (e.g. doublethink, thoughtcrime, Big Brother is watching you) and dystopian political developments are sometimes described as Orwellian. To describe a real life situation as something out of ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’ is bound to be an exaggeration as the world described in that book is awfully nasty (see Godwin’s Law), however, the book was a warning based on incipient trends Orwell observed in the real world as he wrote the book exactly 75 years ago. How have things gone over those 75 years?
I had forgotten how well-crafted the book was; it was Orwell’s last – he died a year after it was published, and he had honed his writing skills well over the years with a series of fiction and non-fiction works. Also, a core concept in the book, doublethink, is more extreme, and more subtle, than many commentators, and writers of sequels, have realized.
Most of my references in what follows are going to be to the United States because some dangerous tendencies which have always been bubbling quietly below the surface have suddenly emerged and are accelerating openly since Trump. There are also many of the same troubling developments all over the world, however – Russian elections and mysterious deaths, the developing cult of personality around Xi Jinping, women’s rights in Saudi Arabia and elsewhere, escalating bigotry toward Muslims in India, the rise of neo-Nazism in Europe, the quietly desperate lives of too many Brits. All praise to the progressive elements in the United States and elsewhere who are fighting back against these troubling tendencies.
The United States has Stephen Miller, Clarence Thomas, Steve Bannon, Marjorie Taylor Greene and so many others. However they also have Bernie Sanders, Robert Reich, Andrew Seidel and Ketanji Brown Jackson, among others. Unfortunately, in other places in the world, we also have Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud, Recep Erdogan, Pierre Poilievre, Benjamin Netanyahu and so on. It says something that after Trump was elected sales of ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’ soared on Amazon. The book has been banned in parts of the United States which may have contributed to the increased sales. The fact that the book is not banned in Russia or China tells me that Putin and Xi Jinping are both smarter than American book banners.
In what follows, all page references are to the edition of Animal Farm / 1984 published in hardback by Harcourt, Inc., 2003.
1. THE TWO MINUTE HATE
“A hideous ecstasy of fear and vindictiveness, a desire to kill, to torture, to smash faces in with a sledge hammer, seemed to flow through the whole group of people like an electric current” (page 101). During the Two Minute Hate the spectators are delighted as a lifeboat full of the children of enemy forces are slaughtered, and the spectators cheer as the camera follows the arc of a child’s severed arm flying through the air. On March 16, 1968, during the Vietnam War, American forces descended on the village of My Lai and killed between 347 and 504 unarmed civilians. During the massacre a number of females, some as young as twelve, were raped and mutilated before being killed. No enemy soldiers or weapons were found in the village. This massacre was defended by some back in the United States. Let it be noted that several Americans, most notably Warrant Officer Hugh Thompson Jr., Glenn Andreotta and Lawrence Colburn risked their lives in an attempt to stop the massacre and the cover-up that followed. Many Palestinian children have been killed, some from malnutrition, in Gaza in the last five months, a sad state of affairs condemned by many Jews in Israel and elsewhere as well as by others.
2. WAR IS PEACE
“All that is needed is that a state of war should exist” (page 268). Orwell talks about how Oceania always needs to be fighting a war, not to win but to use up resources and consumer goods so that the populace back home will remain on the edge of despair and poverty and thus be barely able to even think about let alone foment rebellion. The United States and Russia fought a Cold War from 1945 to 1990. After that President Bush waged a War on Terror in the process going after weapons of mass destruction that didn’t exist. Trump wants to wage war on all sorts of people, particularly immigrants. As Bob Dylan pointed out many years ago in his song ‘Only a Pawn in Their Game’, the powers that be who are responsible for things like economic inequity and anti-democratic behaviours like to manipulate the hegemony so that the wrong targets are under attack.
3. FREEDOM IS SLAVERY
“Freedom is the freedom to say that two plus two make four. If that is granted, all else follows.” (page 163). During the Two Minutes Hate (page 99) Goldstein, the enemy of the people, advocated for freedom of speech, the press, assembly and thought (remember the First Amendment to the Constitution?) and is ridiculed. Critical Race Theory and references to gender issues are banned in American schools, Trump attacks accurate media reports as fake news and he attempts to suppress it. When Trump held his photo op with Bible in hand (upside down) he first had the police fire on unarmed protesters assembled legally nearby, and he is on record as saying he wants the police to shoot protesters in the legs. Four unarmed students were shot dead by the authorities at Kent State on May 4, 1970 during an anti-war protest. Eleven days later two unarmed students protesting against the Vietnam War were shot and killed by the police at Jackson State College. Between 200 and 2600 people (depending on the source) died during the 1989 Tienanmen Square protests. There wasn’t much freedom of thought during the Cultural Revolution in China, either.
4. IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH
“War is a way of shattering to pieces . . . materials which might otherwise be used to make the masses too comfortable, and hence, too intelligent” (page 267). Anti-science and anti-intellectualism is alive and well in the United States, something that Neil deGrasse Tyson has tried to raise an awareness about. There is data to indicate that Americans are very ill-educated and seem to be amazingly incurious and ignorant about other countries. The misinformation by those on the right about female biology has also put women’s lives in danger. Some people in power want to prevent students from learning about large parts of American history. Former Secretary of State and Housing Development Ben Carson insisted that the pyramids were built to store grain and not used as tombs for pharaohs. When Trump was President he thought Frederick Douglass was still alive, and later he thought that it was Obama who he beat to become president, and he didn’t realize that World War Two had already happened.
5. PAST, PRESENT, FUTURE
“ ‘Who controls the past’, ran the Party slogan, ‘controls the future: who controls the present controls the past.’ “ (page 119). Teaching Critical Race is not allowed in parts of the US. The 1921 Tulsa Massacre was erased from the history books for a century. Some Americans think that Britain stood alone against the Nazis (no they didn’t – many Canadian soldiers died fighting the Nazis alongside Britain for years before the United States entered the war which they only did when they were attacked directly) and the United States saved the day and won World War Two single handedly (no they didn’t). The United States won the War of 1812 (no they didn’t). The inventor of the light bulb was an American, Thomas Edison (ever hear of Joseph Swan? He wasn’t an American). The Wright Brothers accomplished the first flight in a heavier-than-air machine (ever hear of Gustave Whitehead? He wasn’t an American). When John Glenn died I heard it reported on an American newscast that he was the world’s first space traveller. No, his flight went up February 20, 1962. The first space traveller was the Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin whose flight took place on April 12, 1961.
When the Smithsonian Institute in 1995 constructed an historically accurate exhibit of the bombing of Hiroshima on the fiftieth anniversary of that event, Republicans and veterans groups called it unpatriotic, and when these groups threatened to implement substantial budget cuts to the institute the man in charge, Michael Heyman, reluctantly backed down and cancelled the exhibition. Some Republican politicians recently have declared that Slavery was a good thing for blacks, that it taught them useful skills. Many Americans believe that their nation was founded on Christian values when in fact some of the founding fathers were deists and non-Christians. Thomas Jefferson even put together the Jefferson Bible in which he pointedly removed anything metaphysical or supernatural from the text, including the stories of the miracles, and the all-important Resurrection of Jesus. Given that Christianity is based on blind belief in and obedience to a higher authority (and if you don’t you suffer eternal damnation), and that the American Constitution is based on freedom of thought and separation of Church and State, I’ve heard it argued that Christianity is unAmerican.
6. CHILD HEROES
“Nearly all children nowadays were horrible . . . hardly a week passed in which the Times did not carry a paragraph describing how some eavesdropping little sneak – “child hero” was the phrase generally used – had overheard some compromising remark and denounced his parents to the Thought Police” (page 110). The learning program known as PragerU is being introduced into some areas of the United States. That is an ultra-conservative program designed to turn children into obedient ultra-conservative adults who have been fed lies about slavery, climate change, immigration, the history of fascism and the LGBTQ community. In fact there is an active movement afoot which wants to either Christianize schools or just get rid of the public school system completely and replace it with a religious educational system, a system teaching young impressionable minds that abortion and contraception are sinful, that women must submit to men when it comes to living a good Christian life, that gay and trans people are sinners, and that authority figures can do no wrong. Wow.
The imposition of the Christian religion on the entire population has been accelerating, with a great deal of help from the Supreme Court ever since the appointment of several conservative justices giving it a six to three conservative to liberal balance. The court has blatantly and incorrectly characterized resistance to giving precedence to Christianity over non-Christians as being religiously intolerant. In the name of freedom of religion the court has been aggressively attempting to dismantle freedom of religion for Jews, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, atheists, pagans and so on.
7. FAHRENHEIT 451
“The hunting-down and destruction of books had been done with the same thoroughness in the prole quarters as everywhere else” (page 177). Book burning has a long and illustrious history around the world but its been picking up steam lately. Books on Black History, and books with gay or trans characters are being banned as conservatives have been vociferously taking over school board meetings, sometimes to the point of violence. As mentioned earlier, ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’ has also been banned.
8. GIVE ME YOUR TIRED, YOUR POOR
“Foreigners, whether from Eurasia or Eastasia, were a kind of strange animal” (page 197) . . . “an old couple, who were suspected of being of foreign extraction had their house set on fire and perished of suffocation” (page 228). Trump’s perception of foreigners as criminals and animals who were poisoning the American system is well known. He talked about it when he announced he was running for the Presidency in 2015, and he has been getting worse recently, using phrases and ideas from the writings of Adolph Hitler, and unapologetically so.
9. NEWSPEAK
“In Newspeak there is no word for ‘Science’ “ (page 269). In September 2020, when asked about the effect of climate change on California wildfires, Donald Trump said, “I don’t think Science knows, actually”. He has called climate change a Chinese hoax, and has stated repeatedly that windmills cause cancer. Too many people reject Science if Science tells them something they don’t like to hear. Science tells us that vaccines do not and never did cause autism but anti-vaxxers reject that fact. Science tells us to wear a mask during the Covid 19 pandemic but some who refused to wear masks maintained that there was no such thing as Covid 19. Religious extremists reject Evolution but when questioned they almost invariably demonstrate that they don’t understand Evolution. When meeting anti-Science people I’m tempted to demand that they give me their tablets, cell phones and cars (all provided by Science), and that they be banned from ever going to a doctor or receiving any kind of medical treatment (again, provided by Science). If you reject Science you don’t get to benefit from Science, thank you very much.
Some deeply religious people reject Science because a religious mind set is the opposite of a scientific mind set. Religion deals with certainty and Science tells us that there is data to either support or undermine a particular hypothesis. Newton’s scientific explanation for gravity was the best explanation given the data which was available in Newton’s day. When Einstein, centuries later, came up with an alternate theory the scientific community welcomed it and brought the Science text books up to date. Einstein’s theory is the best we have given what we know, and what we have confirmed using scientific methods. Einstein himself said that long after he was dead someone else would probably come up with an even better theory of gravity, and he was fine with that. After all, Einstein was wrong about Quantum Physics. Science is about probabilities, and that is frightening to some people.
10. DOUBLETHINK
“. . . Two and two are four [said Winston]
“Sometimes, Winston. Sometimes they are five. Sometimes they are three. Sometimes they are all of them at once. You must try harder. It is not easy to become sane.” [said O’Brien]. (page 326)
Life in 1984 requires everyone party members to practice doublethink. It requires believing in two contradictory ideas simultaneously. You have to believe that Oceania is at war with Eurasia. If the authorities suddenly make a reference to the war against Eastasia everyone must immediately rearrange their thoughts and actually believe that Oceania is at war with Eastasia not Eurasia, and that Oceania has always been at war with Eastasia. You know that your thoughts are contradictory and yet AT THE SAME TIME you also have to somehow know that your thoughts are not contradictory. Doublethink is a subtle thing, but I think the following may be a list of examples of doublethink:
- The January 6th insurrectionists were no different than curious tourists / the January 6th insurrectionists were aggressive and destructive
- Immigrants are criminals / crime statistics show that when immigrants settle in an area in large numbers the crime rate does not increase
- The economy under Biden is terrible / the economy under Biden is doing great.
- The January 6th insurrectionists cherish American values such as Law and Order / the January 6th insurrectionists killed several police officers, and were seeking to execute Mike Pence and Nancy Pelosi extra-judiciously.
- The United States lost the war in Vietnam / the United States didn’t really lose the war in Vietnam – they could have easily won but the traitors in the media and the treasonous woke anti-War movement forced the American forces to withdraw.
- Immigrants are lazy and unskilled animals / immigrants are coming in to steal our jobs (jobs that require a work ethic and skills).
- The United States is a democracy /no it’s not, in a variety of ways.
- Russia is a worker’s paradise / except for the rigged elections, and the enemies of Putin who keep dying under mysterious circumstances, and press censorship and on and on.
One wonders what Orwell would make of the world today. He had his shortcomings but he was a principled man, a very well-read and knowledgeable observer of politics and culture, and an enormously talented writer. ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’ and ‘Animal Farm’ are his most famous works, but ‘Homage to Catalonia’, ‘The Road to Wigan Pier’, and ‘Down and Out in Paris and London’ are also excellent, not to mention his essays and journals.
There are many insightful four word phrases in our language, e.g. THE DIE IS CAST and PLAY IT AGAIN, SAM. There is ELEMENTARY, MY DEAR WATSON from Sherlock Holmes, and BEAM ME UP, SCOTTY from Captain Kirk. The last words uttered by Shakespeare’s Hamlet are THE REST IS SILENCE. ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’, unusual in its day, does not have a happy ending but the book’s purpose is to warn the reader so that the world described in the book will never become a reality. The Inner Party does indeed get inside Winston’s head. The last four words of ‘Nineteen Eighty-Four’ are HE LOVED BIG BROTHER.